heterodyne

Recent studies found that the water vapor has been transported up to 100 km during planet-encircling dust event (PEDE) in both north and south hemispheres using the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) and Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery spectrometer (NOMAD) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) [Vandaele et al.,2019; Fedorova et al., 2020; Aoki et al., 2020]. The unexpected water at high-altitudes could intensify the loss of water from Mars to space, as the result of photo- dissociation to hydrogen at upper atmosphere [Chaffin et al., 2017; Heavens et al., 2020]. Although mesospheric circulation on Mars is thus largely...

Light arriving from a planet contains a lot of information about the planet’s atmosphere, and this information can be retrieved by analyzing the light in the direction of its wavelength, as called spectroscopy. In particular, the infrared region contains a lot of finger-prints, and the infrared spectrometer is a device that splits the light into its wavelengths. To observe the atmospheres of other planets, it is desirable to install infrared spectrometers on spacecraft to avoid the effects of the Earth’s atmosphere. However, the performance of infrared spectrograph on board satellites is limited. This is because increasing the performance makes the...